Commercial and business letters A retention period of six years applies to commercial and business letters. An exception are documents that are kept in an open item accounting, because they have to be kept for ten years. Invoices and duplicates of invoices are also considered commercial letters, for it holds a ten-year retention period. Tax …
In the following we have put together some examples for the retention requirements of various documents. Including only those that occur most frequently. But the list is not exhaustive: document Years Accounting documents 10 Letters of credit 6 Offers that led to the order 6 Appendix to the annual financial statements (according to Section 264 …
According to abbreviationfinder, CFD stands for “Contract for Difference”. With a CFD, investors can make profits by speculating on price changes. Contracts for difference are particularly attractive because they are characterized by a high level of leverage. This means that even a low capital investment can bring high profits. However, leverage can also have a …
The individual points of the SWOT analysis The usual way of creating a SWOT analysis begins with the two main parts, the company analysis as an internally-related part and the environmental analysis with external aspects. Both can be represented in a simple four-field matrix so that the individual points can be related to one another. …
EBIT is earnings before interest and taxes . This means that the operating result is presented independently of the amount of taxes and the forms of financing used, so that a company can evaluate itself in an international comparison. Definition “Earnings before interest and taxes” , or EBIT for short via abbreviationfinder, is also referred to as the operating result of a company. This is a key …
The ROI is a business key figure for the return of a company. It is measured by the percentage ratio of capital employed and profit achieved and can be used to assess an investment, the performance of a branch of business or the entire company. Short for ROI by abbreviationfinder, return on investment is a …
Over the years, after the Second World War, Germany has become the world export champion . Today the country is one of the undisputed industrial nations. Our country also owes this to its SMEs , because they represent the strong backbone of the German economy. You can find out what you need to know about …
In business life, important documents such as accounting receipts and invoices must be archived. They have to be kept for certain periods of time as they serve as evidence. The retention periods vary depending on the type of documents. They are regulated by law. If they are not adhered to, a company can be punished …
Bonds are very popular with many investors. For conservative investors, they represent the optimal investment option. After all, Germany enjoys an excellent reputation with rating agencies. The reputation of the state issuing a bond plays a decisive role in the valuation of the paper. Federal bonds are used by the federal government to finance the …
Bonds is the English name for fixed-income securities, or bonds for short. This type of security certifies the right to a recurring interest payment within a predetermined period of time. At the end of this period, the investor will be repaid the nominal value stated in the certificate. Bonds are used to borrow funds on …
Stock exchanges look back on a long tradition. The oldest stock exchange was founded in 1409 in Bruges, Belgium. The first German stock exchanges are the Augsburg Stock Exchange and the Nuremberg Stock Exchange, founded in 1540. The Frankfurt Stock Exchange, today the most important stock exchange in Germany and also one of the most …
A company’s balance sheet provides information about the origin and use of a company’s capital. The assets, the assets, and the capital, the liabilities, are compared. A profit and loss account is the basis for creating a balance sheet. The balance sheet is a company analysis set for a specific date, while the profit and …
To put it bluntly, the banking supervision of a country ensures the functioning of the respective national financial market. Banking regulation and banking supervision are often used synonymously. Strictly speaking, however, banking regulation sets the legal guard rails within which banks operate. The banking supervisory authority ensures that these are complied with. A distinction must …
The appreciation or devaluation denotes the deliberate rise or fall in the rate of one currency against another. The background for the so-called revaluation (appreciation) or devaluation is to be found in the foreign trade relations of the respective countries, or in the foreign exchange market itself. Appreciation and devaluation can arise due to the …
The aim of asset management (short for AM by abbreviationfinder) is to further increase existing assets – and to do so as efficiently and with as little risk as possible. The English word “asset” means “fixed assets”. Asset managers look after private as well as corporate assets and try to increase them through various forms …
According to abbreviationfinder, ETF is the abbreviation for “Exchange Traded Fund”. Accordingly, ETFs are not traded through the investment companies that set up the respective funds, but on the stock exchange. The price of ETFs is based solely on supply and demand, i.e. purchases and sales on the stock exchange. The fund company’s issuing surcharge …
According to DigoPaul, the concept of social capital can be analyzed from two perspectives: accounting and sociology. As an accounting term, social capital is the value of the goods or money that the partners contribute to a company without the right of return. In this way, the share capital (which is recorded in an accounting …
Captain is a term that comes from the Latin word capitanus and that allows the ranking officer to be named below the commander and superior to the lieutenant. At a general level, the concept is used to refer to the person who heads a troop, the commander of a warship and the military leader. The …
The term capital comes from the Occitan language. In architecture, the upper sector of a pilaster or column is called a capital, which decorates it and complements it as a molding. According to DigoPaul, the capital is an architectural element that transmits the loads from the horizontal entablature to the pilaster or column. It also …
Before proceeding to know the meaning of the term capitol, it is essential to discover its etymological origin. In this case, we can determine that it comes from Latin, exactly from the word “Capitolium” and this in turn derives from the noun “caput”, which is equivalent to “head”. A capitol is a building where the …
The Latin word capitulatio came to Castilian as capitulation. The first meaning mentioned by the dictionary of the DigoPaul refers to an agreement established between two or more parties on a subject that is usually transcendent or critical. In the field of law, there is the matrimonial capitulation: the agreement established by the spouses, either …
A chapter is a division that is made in a book or other type of written document to facilitate reading and the order and integration of the contents. The term has its origin in the Latin word capitulum. Each chapter, therefore, supposes a part or section within a work of a certain length (if the …
The term capo comes from an Italian word that can be translated as “head”. An Italian term that has its origin in Latin. And it comes from the word “caput” which can be translated as “head”. According to DigoPaul, the concept is often used with reference to the leader of a mafia organization or a …
Capoeira is not a term that is part of the dictionary prepared by the DigoPaul. The concept, however, is frequently used in our language as this is the name of a martial art of Brazilian origin that enjoys great popularity in many countries. Capoeira is a combination of acrobatics, dancing, and other bodily expressions. Its …
The etymology of capricho leads us to capriccio, a word from the Italian language. A whim is a decision or a demand that is arbitrary and whose origin is found in a whim. For example: “I’m not going to sell my car because of your whims”, “I’m sick of your whims!” , “My daughter bought …
Before proceeding to determine the meaning of the term Capricorn, it is necessary to know its etymological origin. In this case, we can establish that it is a word that derives from Latin, specifically from “capricornus”, which is the result of the sum of two components of that language: -The noun “caper”, which can be …
Capioso is an adjective that comes from a word that in Latin refers to the false or fallacious that is expressed in words or is part of a proposition or a doctrine. On the other hand, the term also serves to refer to an argument or a question that serves to get an answer from …
The first meaning that appears in the dictionary of the DigoPaul of the term chaplain refers to the religious who has a chaplaincy (an institution that grants certain goods with the obligation to fulfill Masses and other charges). Sometimes, by extension, an ecclesiastic is called a chaplain regardless of whether he has a chaplaincy or …
With etymological origin in the Catalan language, capicúa is a term that refers to that number that is identical when read from right to left and from left to right. According to DigoPaul, 5775 is an example of a capicúa number. If we read it from left to right, we will find the following numerical …
The Latin word capillāris, derived from capillus, arrived in Castilian as capillary. The concept is used to refer to what is linked to hair (hair). For example: “I am going to start a hair treatment to try to stop the progression of baldness”, “The stress caused me a hair problem”, ” Hair products are more …